Sigma:ATRA,R2625-50MG
属性：
生物来源：synthetic (organic)
质量水平：200
检测方案：≥98% (HPLC)
形式：powder
技术：cell culture | mammalian: suitable
颜色：yellow
Mp：180-181 °C (lit.)
溶解性：chloroform: 50 mg/mL
储存温度：−20°C

Sigma:ATRA,R2625-50MG

属性：

生物来源：synthetic (organic)

质量水平：200

检测方案：≥98% (HPLC)

形式：powder

技术：cell culture | mammalian: suitable

颜色：yellow

Mp：180-181 °C (lit.)

溶解性：chloroform: 50 mg/mL

储存温度：−20°C

说明：

一般描述：

Retinoic acid (RA), a retinoid, exerts a broad range of biological effects. It plays a role in regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and transformed cells, potentially influencing oncogenes.[1] All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is regarded as the most pertinent and functionally active metabolite of Vitamin-A.[2] RA may serve as a type of signal molecule through a nuclear receptor to regulate regional differentiation in the central nervous system. Moreover, at a concentration of 1 nM (with maximal differentiation at 1 µM), RA induces morphological and functional terminal differentiation in a cell line of human promyelocyte leukemia, indicating its potential involvement in the differentiation of specific hematopoietic cells. Additionally, RA can indirectly impact neuronal differentiation by modifying the expression of neuronal cell surface receptors to peptide growth factors.[3]

Furthermore, RA and other retinoids can also inhibit cellular proliferation and stimulate tyrosinase activity in a human melanoma cell line,[4] while also inhibiting cell-substrate adhesion and motility in melanocytes. ATRA plays a vital role in the formation of the mammalian vascular system. Specifically, it regulates endothelial cell proliferation and vascular remodeling throughout tissue angiogenesis.[2]

应用：

ATRA 已用于胚胎干细胞至运动神经元的分化。[5]

它已用于非洲爪蟾外胚层至胰腺的分化。[6]

它还用于研究由RARα (ATRA受体α)引起的表观遗传学调控。[7]

它已用于研究原初精原细胞向精母细胞转化的RA信号转导。[8]

生化/生理作用：

ATRA 是ATRA受体（RAR）和视 huang 醇类 X 受体（RXR）的配体。所结合的RAR和RXR可作为调节正常细胞和恶性细胞的生长和分化的转录因子。细胞色素P450（CYP）可催化ATRA的4-羟基化。ATRA 可使胚胎干细胞成为神经元。

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